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Dysphasia Explained: Causes & Treatment with Speech Therapy

What Is Dysphasia?

Dysphasia, also known as aphasia, occurs when areas of the brain responsible for language are damaged or not functioning as they should. As a result, people with dysphasia may struggle to speak, understand spoken words, read, or write 2. Dysphasia is a language-based disorder and is different from other conditions like dysarthria (a motor speech disorder) or dysphagia (a swallowing disorder).

Causes of Dysphasia

There are currently 140,000 Australians living with dysphasia, with 22,000 individuals diagnosed each year 3. The leading cause of dysphasia is stroke 1, which occurs when the brain is deprived of blood and oxygen due to a blockage or rupture in a blood vessel. When brain cells don’t get enough oxygen, they can become damaged or die, impacting the brain’s ability to process and produce language. 

Other potential causes of dysphasia include 1,2

  • Traumatic brain injuries
  • Brain tumors
  • Infections like encephalitis
  • Seizures
  • Migraines
  • Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs or “mini-strokes”)
  • Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s

While some of these causes are unpredictable, many strokes and by extension, cases of dysphasia are preventable. Common risk factors include:

  • High blood pressure
  • High cholesterol
  • Diabetes
  • Heart disease
  • Smoking
  • A sedentary lifestyle

Types of Dysphasia

There are several subtypes of dysphasia, depending on which area of the brain has been affected. Each subtype corresponds to different areas of difficulty across understanding and producing spoken or written language. A person’s dysphasia may not fit neatly into one subtype and may change over a period of time ²

Dysphasia is often described as fluent or nonfluent. People with fluent dysphasias (such as Wernicke’s) may speak in sentences, but the sentences may not make sense. Wernicke’s dysphasia impacts the ability to understand spoken or written language ¹. Nonfluent dysphasias (such as Broca’s) affect a person’s ability to express themselves through speaking or writing. They may understand language well but struggle to form words and sentences using correct grammar. 

People living with dysphasia may also struggle to find the right words (word-finding difficulties) or repeating phrases. They may or may not be aware of their communication difficulties. 

Common Symptoms

The symptoms of dysphasia can vary widely but often include:

Speaking:
  • Struggling to find words (anomia)
  • Speaking in short, incomplete phrases
  • Substituting the wrong word or sound
  • Using made-up or nonsensical words
  • Speaking fluently but without clear meaning
Understanding:
  • Difficulty following conversations
  • Misunderstanding simple instructions or questions
  • Confusion with complex grammar or figurative language (such as “figures of speech”)
  • Taking longer to process spoken words
speech pathologist and a woman recovering from a stroke are sitting on a couch during a dysphasia therapy session

How Speech Therapy Can Help with Dysphasia

Whether dysphasia comes on suddenly such as after a stroke or develops gradually due to a neurological condition, speech pathology plays a crucial role in helping people regain their communication skills and confidence.

Dysphasia is typically diagnosed through a combination of medical and speech-language assessments. A doctor may conduct neurological exams and order brain imaging (such as an MRI or CT scan) to determine the cause and location of the damage. A Speech Pathologist plays a central role in the diagnosis and treatment of dysphasia, along with education, counselling and research. The Speech Pathologist will identify the specific subtype or features of a person’s dysphasia and develop a treatment plan with the individual and their family. 

A person’s recovery journey is dependent on several factors, such as the initial dysphasia severity, the extent and location of the damage, and social factors such as isolation and post-stroke depression 1. The Speech Pathologist may work in tandem with other health professionals, such as Occupational Therapists and Physiotherapists to provide holistic care for the patient and their family. 

The goals of dysphasia treatment should always be generated collaboratively with the individual and their family, whilst taking into account the most up-to-date evidence. Other factors, such as a person’s cultural and linguistic background, also need to be considered 2

At Talkshop Speech Pathology, we tailor our speech therapy to suit the unique needs of each individual. Our approach combines skill-building, strategy development, and emotional support to help clients reconnect with others and express themselves more effectively.

Comprehensive Assessment

We start with a thorough evaluation of speech, understanding, reading, and writing abilities. This helps us create a clear and realistic therapy plan.

Personalised, Evidence-Based Speech Therapy Goals

Common evidence-based speech therapy approaches may include:

Semantic Feature Analysis (SFA) — SFA supports a person having word-finding difficulties. The individual identifies important features of a target word that is difficult to retrieve, thereby making it more efficient to retrieve words.

Script Training — Script training involves developing scripts (understanding, remembering, and recalling event sequences of an activity) to facilitate participation in personally relevant activities, such as ordering at a restaurant. 

Alternative or Augmentative Communication (AAC) – The speech pathologist may recommend AAC, such as picture-based communication boards or apps or devices that generate speech.

Family and Communication Partner Training

We offer practical tips and strategies to help family members support communication at home. These may include strategies such as giving the person more time to respond, using short, simple sentences and writing down relevant words and concepts to support the person’s understanding. Creating a patient, low-pressure environment can make a big difference in everyday interactions.

Confidence and Connection

Our goal isn’t just to build language skills—it’s to restore a sense of identity, self-worth, and connection. We celebrate every win. 


Dysphasia is a difficult diagnosis and can have significant impacts on a person’s quality of life 2. At Talkshop, we believe in a holistic, person-centred approach that focuses on building confidence and creating functional ways to communicate and connect with others. We’re here to support you every step of the way. Our experienced speech pathologists will work with you to create an individually-tailored assessment and treatment plan that prioritises meaningful goals. 

 

Interested in finding out more? Talk to a speech pathologist to see how speech therapy can help. Give us a call at (02) 7209 3838 or book a free initial consultation at Talkshop Speech Pathology.

Reference

    1. National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (n.d.). Aphasia, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/dysphasia
    2. American Speech and Hearing Association (ASHA), Aphasia, American Speech and Hearing Association, https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/dysphasia/?srsltid=AfmBOopixVVebfx_shMY4OrUY_MmqQxxBvjNf3NchEc04epbglvfcnGa#collapse_1
    3. Speech Pathology Australia (n.d.) Aphasia, Speech Pathology Australia,https://www.speechpathologyaustralia.org.au/Communication_Hub/Resources/Fact_Sheets/dysphasia.aspx#:~:text=More%20than%20140%2C000%20Australians%20live,most%20common%20one%20is%20stroke.